Willy Loman, An Idiot with A Dream in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman

Willy Loman, An Idiot with A Dream in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman  â â A typical thought introduced in writing is the issue of the opportunity of the person contrary to the controlling weights of society. Willy Loman, the primary character in Death of A Salesman by Arthur Miller, embodies this kind of individual; one who looks to his friends also, co-sales rep as lesser people. Not exclusively was he serious and oppressive, however Willy Loman looked for after an perfect that he would never turn into: the best sales rep ever. Resolved to bring in cash, Willy got wild what's more, to some degree crazy. Through his discourse and activities, Willy Loman depicts a character of frailty, ingenuity, what's more, obscure character.  â â From the earliest reference point of his life, Willy Loman experienced issues with his fame and character. His last name is a play on words on a low man. He is at the base of the business world as a fruitless sales rep. In expansion, his speculations on life and society end up being very debasing, also compelling to his attitude each day. Willy accepts that being popular and having a individual engaging quality, together, can bring achievement, cash, what's more, numerous companions. Incidentally, Willy doesn't have numerous companions and numerous individuals don't care for him. With a delight in contrast to other people, Willy imagines that entryways will open and issues will all vanish.  â â As a sales rep, Willy created numerous impediments that made his psyche crumble. His life as a sales rep was based on a fantasy that he saw as a kid. At an early age, Willy knew about a sales rep, Dave Singleman, who could make his living out of a lodging. Singleman was very fruitful and when he kicked the bucket, individuals from everywhere throughout the nation went to his burial service. It was this perfect Willy Loman looked for after. All he at any point needed was distinction, ubiquity, and a couple of companions. Tragically, when Willy kicked the bucket, not a solitary individual went to his memorial service. His life, one that was spent attempting to turn into someone else, to be specific Dave Singleman, was a loss as nobody even needed to see him covered.  â â In impression of his profession with the Wagner Company, numerous different issues emerged that constrained monetary challenges on him and his family. He was resolved to live by beliefs that set him above every other person. It was with these untruths what's more, deceptions such Willy's reality started to lose its quality of

Personal Case Study Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual Paper - Case Study Example Job struggle can come in different structures. Job struggle ordinarily comes as status, job, and desire. There are various scholarly analysts that have been completed concerning job strife. This paper targets talking about how scholastic research identifies with job strife. There is constantly a fluctuation in suppositions with regards to how job clashes ought to be dealt with. In any case, what is sure is that the way where you oversee job struggle decides how it will influence your association. Notwithstanding the jobs played or the people engaged with a contention the two sides are in every case contrarily influenced by the contention. Berko, Aitken and Wolvin states that when related people or gatherings happen to have sees, conclusions, qualities, and objectives that are clashing it will be difficult for them to work for a typical course (Berko, Aitken and Wolvin, 2010). Individuals who disregard job clashes have a higher chance of bombing when contrasted with the individuals who recognize their reality and work towards fathoming them. To ensure that job clashes are put leveled out jobs of the different people and gatherings that are associated ought to be characterized. This will assist everybody with understanding the limits of their jobs and the significance of their job to the normal reason. While picking or designating jobs you should ensure that individuals or gatherings are given the jobs that they are best in. This will be in the offered of ensuring that everybody is OK with the jobs that they should play (Settles, Sellers and Damas Jr, 2002). This will imply that before the day's over everybody would have assumed their jobs and since the regular course is reliant on the individual jobs the basic course will be accomplished. In any case, Beaucham and whinny affirms that letting individuals and gatherings assume the jobs that they are best in will lessen the chance of there being objections from the others or gatherings associated with the course (Beauchamp and

When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations

When is the Right Time to Start Making Citations (1) You probably know that including citations in your research paper is an important component of the writing process. They prevent you from committing plagiarism, and inform your reader about where you found outside information that supports your paper’s argument. Sometimes, however, it can be difficult to know when to start making these all-important references amid the rush of getting your paper completed on time. Here are some helpful tips about when to start making citations that should help you get the grade you deserve on your next assignment. 1. Make In-text/Parenthetical Citations as You Need Them As you are writing your paper, be sure to include references within the text that correspond with references in a works cited or bibliography. These are usually called in-text citations or parenthetical citations in MLA and APA formats. The most effective time to complete these is directly after you have made your reference to another source. For instance, after writing the line from Charles Dickens’ A Tale of Two Cities: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times…,” you would include a citation like this (depending on your chosen citation style): (Dickens 11). This signals to the reader that you have referenced an outside source. What’s great about this system is that the in-text citations serve as a natural list for all of the citations you have made in your paper, which will make completing the works cited page a whole lot easier. After you are done writing, all that will be left for you to do is scan your paper for these references, and then build a works cited page that includes a citation for each one. Need help creating an MLA works cited page? Try the MLA format generator on ! 2. Understand the General Formatting Rules of Your Citation Style Before You Start Writing While reading up on paper formatting may not sound exciting, being aware of how your paper should look early on in the paper writing process is super important. Citation styles can dictate more than just the appearance of the citations themselves, but rather can impact the layout of your paper as a whole, with specific guidelines concerning margin width, title treatment, and even font size and spacing. Knowing how to organize your paper before you start writing will ensure that you do not receive a low grade for something as trivial as forgetting a hanging indent. Don’t know where to start? Here’s a formatting guide on APA format. 3. Double-check All of Your Outside Sources for Relevance and Trustworthiness First Collecting outside sources that support your research and specific topic is a critical step in writing an effective paper. But before you run to the library and grab the first 20 books you can lay your hands on, keep in mind that selecting a source to include in your paper should not be taken lightly. Before you proceed with using it to backup your ideas, run a quick Internet search for it and see if other scholars in your field have written about it as well. Check to see if there are book reviews about it or peer accolades. If you spot something that seems off to you, you may want to consider leaving it out of your work. Doing this before your start making citations can save you a ton of time in the long run. Worried about missing a citation? Learn more about EasyBib Plus’s grammar and plagiarism checker. It can help you spot information you may need to cite, as well as give suggestions to improve your writing. In addition, sharpen your grammar IQ with our guides nouns, adverbs, prepositions, determiners, and more!

Essay on The Tesla Motor Company - 1589 Words

Tesla Motor Company Company Overview- Tesla Motors Inc. (Tesla) is a company based out of Silicon Valley that designs, assembles and markets battery electric vehicles (BEVs), in addition they produce lithium-ion battery packs, and electric vehicle powertrain components. Founded in 2003, Tesla was the first new American automobile manufacturer to appear in years. It was the first automaker to manufacture and sell proficient BEVs in production. The company’s tactic is not really that of the â€Å"Detroit† approach more of a one of a kind â€Å"Silicon Valley† style, self-reflected of a method that is remarkably hi-tech and innovative, tremendously assertive and very efficient. They have grown from one retail store to 18 stores worldwide, a†¦show more content†¦Next, came the Model S in 2012, and they discontinued production of the roadster, the Model S sold 22, 477 cars to retailers globally. In February of 2012 they also released a Model X prototype which was a crossover vehicle, set to be pu t into production by the end of 2014. Tesla Motor Company is partnered with internal divisions and external companies involved in producing the final product. Tesla Energy Group, is designated with developing and marketing the powertrain components, custom designed battery packs, battery chargers and support power management technology. It also generates revenue from the sale of zero-emission vehicle credits of $7,500 per vehicle. Another internal division is, New Product Development; which is partnered with Daimler, Panasonic and Toyota to cultivate electric vehicle associated products. Tesla manufactures and markets its own vehicles, but unlike its competitors it also operates as an original equipment manufacturer, and it produces electric powertrain components that other automakers can purchase and brand. Their main partner in this division is Lotus. Although the financials don’t show it Tesla motors is progressing and building an automotive company that no other current c ompany can copy or top. Tesla’s total revenues were $2.01B for the following year ending Dec. 30th, 2013. While net income was not so positive, showing a loss of $-74.01M, which is actually a positive jump from theShow MoreRelatedCompany Profile Of Tesla Motors1364 Words   |  6 Pages History of Operation Tesla Motors was incorporated in 2003. in 2016, it began production of the Roadster in 2009, Model S unveiled. in 2010, TSLA IPO launched; Announced partnership to develop powertrain system with Toyota RAV4. in 2012, it Started building Supercharger Network across America and Unveiled designs and plans for Model X. in 2013, Tesla got Extreme Tech â€Å"Best Selling Luxury Car. IN 2014, Gigafactory announcement 200th Tesla Charging Station opened, and Musk announces anyone canRead MoreCompany Analysis : Tesla Motors1036 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough Tesla Motors product line could be considered a niche market they have plenty of opportunities to expand their product line globally, (Thompson et al., 2016). The firm’s vision outlines that they plan to expand their product line to promote growth and drive down the cost of their automobiles. Another important opportunity would be many countries are developing strong regulations that favor electric cars and the market is constant ly growing due to increased fuel costs. Again Tesla Motors hasRead MoreTesla Motors, An American Company2066 Words   |  9 PagesTesla Motors Incorporated, an American company that designs, produces, and sells electric vehicles and their electric components, has become one of the fastest growing car companies in recent history. 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It hasRead MoreCase Analysis : Tesla Motors1619 Words   |  7 Pagesny History (1)Tesla Motors was originally founded in 2003 by CEO Martin Eberhard and CFO Marc Tarpenning . According to Tesla. com, the company was named after the Serbian engineer Nikola Tesla who invented the induction motor and alternating-current (AC) power transmission in 1888. Eberhard and Tarpenning decided to design their first electric sports car using the design of Nikola Tesla’s patented AC induction motor. By early 2004, Eberhard and Tarpenning were quickly joined by several otherRead MoreTesla Ford s Influence On American Innovation Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pages Tesla Automakers: Niccolai’s Influence On American Innovation Sir C. Powers UCLA Extension Abstract Tesla Motors was established in 2003 by entrepreneurs Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning. Today, Tesla Motors provides power train components for car producers, including Daimler and Toyota, designs and manufactures Model S, the first world ‘s premium zero-emission sedan that became the third best-selling all-electric car in the U.S. The company is worth more than $25Read MoreSwot Analysis : Tesla Motors1501 Words   |  7 PagesSWOT analysis of tesla motors Tesla motor is a car company that manufactures, design and sell electric car. The company named was named after a famous scientist and physicist Nikola tesla. Its headquarter is located in Palo Alto, California and it has a main production plant is in Fremont, California. Currently tesla motors have launched three models, the tesla roadster, model S, and model X. According to Elon musk, Cofounder and Ceo of tesla motors, â€Å"A Tesla motor was created to accelerate the advent

The Core Concepts Of Economics - 1241 Words

Introduction The two factors Demand and Supply are the core concepts of economics. Demand states the quantity of a product one requires to fulfill his needs at particular price stand. On the other hand supply refers market offering of a product at specific price level. There are numerous constituents that affect the Demand of a product. For example Price, availability of alternative products in market, price of the alternative products, buyers’ income, buyers’ purchasing power parity, number of buyers available in the market, changes in buyers’ taste and preferences etc., on the other hand supply of a given product is also affected by various factors for example. Price of the product, prices of factor of production, changes government policies, introduction of new technologies, firms’ goals and objectives etc. We need to understand technical aspects of demand and supply before explaining about factors other than the price that affect demand and supply in a particular country. Demand and Supply Mechanics Marshal concludes that there is a negative relationship between price and demand as when the prices of any particular product rises, demand get decreased and when prices fall of a product demand of that product will increase, keeping all other factors constant that has an impact on demand of a product. However, there is a positive relationship between price and supply of any product keeping all factors constant that have an impact on quantity supply. When price of theShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Location Theory As Defined By German Economist Alfred Weber1506 Words   |  7 Pages transport, etc.) while simultaneously producing a large market of demand. With this being stated, some Weber’s assumptions of this theory are that 1). the consumer is economically rational, which means that the market economy is based upon the concept that all consumers have total market knowledge (what goods are available and how much they cost to produce). Given such knowledge, each time you consum e (demand) a product, you rationally select the good that is the cheapest cost of equal qualityRead MoreThe Smell Based Alarm Clock855 Words   |  4 Pagesa beep in the event that the scent alone is insufficient in waking up a person. According to Malicdem (2016), sensorwake makes use of a reusable scent capsule that lasts for 30 awakenings, which lasts for roughly a month. There has been moderate economic growth in the Australian market. Statistics for the year 2014 indicate that there was a moderate increase in the pace of consumer spending (RBA, 2015). There has also been a decline in unemployment rates to 5.75%. There has also been a decline inRead MoreThe Expansion Of Urban Development Essay1466 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Transportation infrastructure has always shaped the evolution and economic position of cities. First, our major cities largely grew around seaports. Next, urban development took place along rivers that formed the backbone of the industrial revolutions in the United States. Railroads opened up landlocked interiors of nations, fostering a third wave of city growth outward from their main terminals. Then, the expansion of suburban roadway systems created a fourth wave of urban development. WeRead MoreTrade Liberalization And Socio Economic Development Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesTRADE LIBERALIZATION AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVE LOPMENT IN NIGERIA; 1999-2010 BY Ugwoke, Obiora Francis Department of Political Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria And Okechukwu S. Amadi Department of Political Administrative Studies University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract This paper sought to evaluate the concept of Trade Liberalization and Development in NigeriaRead MoreThe Academy Of Business And Entrepreneurship Charter School1408 Words   |  6 PagesI. 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A study on the methods of Teaching Free Essays

Albert Einstein one time said: â€Å" It is the supreme art of the instructor to rouse joy in originative look and cognition. † Indeed, being a instructor is really ambitious. Teaching, as a profession, it is both a scientific discipline and an art. We will write a custom essay sample on A study on the methods of Teaching or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is a scientific discipline because you have to do certain that the methods and contents used are all backed by sound scientific research. It is besides an art because you have to excite and be originative in act uponing your pupils to larn. As a instructor, my chief aim is to help the pupils be taught and develop while fostering their ain â€Å" creativeness and wonder † ( Sliva, 2004 ) .A By learning the pupils the conventional course of study in a non-traditional, I want to give them the inspiration to larn, open up their heads to fresh thoughts, and allow them detect these thoughts on their ain. Harmonizing to Highland Council Education, Culture and Sport Service ( 2010 ) , instructors are indispensable and do a differentiation. The value of instruction is a of import factor in promoting efficient larning in schools. Successful instruction entails individuals who are academically capable and who be concerned sing the wellbeing of kids and young person. Educational psychologist Albert Bandura emphasized societal cognitive theory as a extremely important combination of behavioural, cognitive and social factors where the procedure of experimental cognition in which a scholar ‘s actions alterations as a consequence of detecting others ‘ workss and its costs ( Schunk A ; Hanson, 1985 ) . I think a schoolroom like this will advance a kid ‘s capacity to be inventive, self motivated, and to detect societal accomplishments that are of import in the existent universe. To congratulate this doctrine, the deliberate usage of hand clapping and wagess to update pupils on their public presentation instead than as a step of commanding pupil actions is a really good wages system in learning. In order to exert wagess to edify pupils about their workss, instructors must emphasize the worth of the actions that is rewarded and besides clear up to pupils the definite skills they established to have the wages. Teachers ought to besides back up â€Å" student coaction in choosing wagess and specifying appropriate behaviours that will gain wagess † ( Bear, 2005 ) . An experiment by Schunk and Hanson, that considered grade 2 pupils who had beforehand encountered problem in larning minus, point up the manner of research inspired by societal larning theory. Students who observed equal illustrations scored better on a minus post-test and besides accounted greater confidence in their minus accomplishment. The result were translated as behind the hypothesis that supposed similitude of the theoretical account to the scholar raises self-efficacy, taking to added helpful acquisition of sculptural public presentation. It is thought that equal mold is largely utile for pupils who have dwindling self-efficacy. I consider that each instruction doctrine has its first-class characteristic and associating all doctrines will be most valuable for my scholars and for my schoolroom. However, I think that utilizing a blend of the Social Reconstructionism and Essentialism doctrines will be the most impartial attack to use in my schoolroom. One may inquire how it is assuring to use Essentialism and Social Reconstrutionism, but I have faith in the major end of Essentialism are of import to planing a composed schoolroom. Through existent experience or a simulation, instructors who use Social Reconstructionism challenge their pupils to believe and feel-and to get strong moral values. Through a talk and presentation, instructors who use the Essentialist attack focal point on giving their pupils a sound apprehension of basicss despite of the assorted background factors of the pupils. These factors comprise the scholar ‘s developmental status, the sensed stature and ability of the theoretical account, the effects received by the illustration, the significance of the theoretical account ‘s public presentation and effects to the scholar ‘s nonsubjective, and the scholar ‘s self-efficacy. I do besides see that it is important for pupils to detect the necessities of instruction. If the rudimentss of acquisition ( reading, authorship, and arithmetic ) are taught in a agency that incorporates the attacks of Social Reconstrucionism, pupils will be more likely to do a relationship with what they learned. If pupils retain information and do a association with what they learn they will be more able to tackle it and use it in existent life fortunes. As a instructor, I will advance pupil part in the class of job resolution, asking, argument and â€Å" bombilation group † events. I will besides be treat all students ‘ questions candidly and make non scare or laugh at. Questioning, observation and hearing in will be used as regular informal appraisal schemes. Since persons understand at different rates and in different ways, a mixture of activities, undertakings, and gaits of work will be emphasized. The usage of interruptions and activities to link students ‘ thought and concentration will be fostered by turning to reading and research for new penetrations and linking these to their schoolroom and school and if possible, to their ain lives. It is besides my rule that the schoolroom should be taught environing the pupil, non the educator.A Inquisitive pupils should be responded and their inquiries explored.A Teachers can originate by learning the critical information and can let pupils minds develop in other trend.A Students will be more overzealous about topics they benefit from ; therefore pupil ‘s mentality and public assistance in the capable affair should be one of the highest chief concerns in a schoolroom. In my head, the bottom line is it is of import for pupils to larn and turn. If it means I need to alter the manner I teach every twelvemonth and work really hard at it, so that is what I will make. I feel it is necessary for instructors to non acquire caught in a rut. Teachers need to seek new things and research new possibilities by supplying scholars with apprehensible undertakings, ends, and conditions so update them of development because a cardinal proficiency in instruction is the capacity to edify and exemplify things clearly. I will besides stress and promote my students to reflect, to do connexions, to pattern and strengthen, to larn from other scholars and to see that if they make mistakes, they will non be derided or treated depressingly. On the other manus, it is besides important to use preventive attacks to classroom supervising that engages in making a optimistic schoolroom individuality with shared fear affecting instructor and pupil. Teachers with the preventive attack present heat, acknowledgment, and assistance unconditionally. â€Å" Fair regulations and effects are established † and pupils are given regular and changeless advice about their actions ( Bear, 2008 ) . The most influential individual facet that improves success is feedback – optimistic, constructive, clearly targeted. Effective instructors make ground and content clear, program carefully, utilize organized appraisal and response, make associations, support kids to believe about thought and be theoretical accounts what they want the kids to make, merely as William Arthur Ward says: â€Å" The mediocre instructor Tells. The good instructor explains. The superior instructor demonstrates. The great instructor inspires. † Bear, G, Cavalier, A, A ; Manning, M. ( 2005 ) . â€Å" Developing self-discipline and preventing and rectifying misbehaviour. † Allyn A ; Bacon. Bear, G. ( 2008 ) . â€Å" Best patterns in schoolroom subject. † Bethesda, MD. National Association of School Psychologists Schunk, D. H. , A ; Hanson, A. R. ( 1985 ) . Peer theoretical accounts: Influence on kids ‘s self-efficacy and achievement behaviour. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 313-322. Zimmerman, B. J. ( 1998 ) . â€Å" Developing self-fulfilling rhythms of academic ordinance: An analysis of model instructional theoretical accounts. † From learning to self-reflective pattern ( pp. 1-19 ) . New York: Guilford. Hattie, J. , Biggs, J. , A ; Purdie, N. ( 1996 ) . Effectss of larning accomplishments intercessions on pupil acquisition: A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 66, 99-136. Sliva, K. ( 2004 ) . â€Å" Teaching Doctrine. † Accessed on December 20, 2010 at hypertext transfer protocol: //csmstu01.csm.edu/students/ksliva/Philosophy/Philosophy.htm Highland Council Education, Culture and Sport Service ( 2010 ) . â€Å" Learning and Teaching should be Inclusive and Enjoyable: What makes a good instructor? † Accessed on December 20, 2010 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.highlandschools-virtualib.org.uk/ltt/inclusive_enjoyable/teacher.htm How to cite A study on the methods of Teaching, Essay examples

Principles of Management Midterm Exam Essay Example

Principles of Management Midterm Exam Essay Piyabalo Padaro MGT 301 Midterm Exam 17 November, 2012 1. A re-organization will require that some employees are provided severance packages while other reassigned. What interpersonal managerial roles developed by Mintzberg will a manager confronted with this employ? Explain. Most of us agree that for the companies to function more efficiently and effectively, some changes need to be made sometimes to ensure that the current requirements are met. Managers most of time have to reorganize and restructure companies to deal with the new changes. When Farm Fresh Inc. for example, was confronted with the economy downturn, its managers had to close some of their stores. This led to some employees being laid off or being reassigned. Laying off or reassigning employees required managers to play some interpersonal managerial roles developed by Mintzberg to make sure the outcome will not be disastrous. A manager will be confronted with the role of leader. He or she has to help the employees in this transition towards the new change in the organization and thus, need to ensure that employees resistance is being met with ease and apprehensions. To do this, a manager has to be able to direct and motivate subordinates, training, counseling, and communicating with subordinates. One of my neighbors John who worked at one of the Farm Fresh stores in Virginia Beach, Virginia told me that before he was laid off from his job, leaders held meetings with all employees who were being laid off to give them counseling. Leaders offered to help them find jobs in other companies. That is what a manager will have to do: use his or her leadership skills to help employees that re provided severance packages or employees that have been reassigned. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management Midterm Exam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management Midterm Exam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Management Midterm Exam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, a manager in this situation has to make sure all concerns and queries of the employees regarding this restructuring lay off and reassignment of jobs are being adequately answered. The manager is required to show exceptional leadership skills to manage this transition in a reasonable manner as employees will not be ready to embrace change. Hence, he or she needs to use his or her experience, charisma and knowledge and establish strong trust with employees to convince them for embracing the new change in the organization. Leadership skills are the most important nterpersonal managerial roles a manager has to use to help employees. When employees are laid off or reassigned due to a re-organization, it can be painful for them to handle this change. Managers have to comfort them, give them advices, and help them through their transition. If managers do not use their leadership skills to do this, employees can confront them, even try to hurt them or themselves once they reach the bre akpoint without any help. These outcomes will not help organizations; they will just destroy our society. 2. A manager has decided to use the Hawthorne Studies to improve productivity in an office. How would she accomplish this? Would the results be short- or long-term? Explain. When an organization functions without any work team, it is most likely that employees will intend to underperform, because there is no observation within employees. â€Å"The Hawthorne studies, a series of study that provided new insights into individual and group behavior, were without question the most important contribution to the behavioral approach to management† (Robbins, DeCenzo, amp; Coulter, 2011, p. 27). The studies are used most of the time by the managers to improve productivity. The real question here is how a manager accomplishes this and what type of results he or she will get for using the Hawthorne Studies? A manager would accomplish this by encouraging team work or establishing work teams in the organization. Productivity would increase due to the use of teams because team members will perform better when they are being observed by other team members, as per the Hawthorne effect. I remember when I worked in one the grocery stores in Washington DC, my manager used to put us in two teams to carry boxes from the trucks to the store. There were two trucks and each carried hundred twenty boxes of mangoes. Each team has five members. It took us only thirty minutes to discharge the trucks, because each one of us in my team worked hard not to be outperformed by other team. When we were not working as teams, it used to take us more than an hour to offload the trucks. People are motivated and performed better when they are put in teams, because each team works harder to be champion. This performance increase productivity just like it increased my team performance at the grocery store. If the organization adopts team based approach on a permanent basis, just like how y grocery store did, Hawthorne effect will lead to longer term change in the productivity of the employee. Our manager used this approach as a long-term action to increase productivity at the grocery store. If the team based approach is used for a short term or observational purpose only, the impact will be short term as people will move back to their old habits once they know that they are not being observed. So, the results c ould be a short- or long-term depend on how a manager intends to use these studies to boost the productivity. We, as human beings tend to slack off when not observed or when not put in competition. The Hawthorne studies are the foundation of employee’s motivation in organizations. To me, all managers need to use this strategy to increase productivity in their organizations. People work better and harder when they know that they are being observed, and most importantly when they know that they will be rewarded if they performed at their best. 3. Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman argued that, â€Å"there is one and only one social responsibility of business—use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game† (Friedman, 1962, p. 133). Do you agree with Friedman? Explain. I partially agree with this statement. Even though it is true that as long as businesses adhere to their social and ethical responsibilities or stay within the rules of the game to maximize profits for their shareholders, they can be termed as socially responsible. However, I believe that sometimes, it becomes the social responsibility of businesses to forego profits or benefits for fulfilling their social responsibilities. Social responsibility goes beyond the concept of profits. It is an obligation for businesses to pay back to the society and community, even if it means sacrificing profits at times. Society expects companies with greater resources to extend help to the society in whichever manner they want to, and this approach is way beyond profitability. Hence, social responsibility constitutes all acts, whether profitable or not for the business that are undertaken to ensure that the business fulfills its responsibility towards the society and community that it operates in as it is one of the most important duties of the organization. The Food Bank Corporation, for example, goes far beyond profitability to help community. The corporation collects food items that are about to expire from grocery stores. It then cooks meals to feed poor families across the United States. The corporation is not looking for profit. The social responsibility for this corporation is to make sure people who are in need for food, are well being taken care of. It is true that businesses sometimes have to engage in activities designed to increase their profits. However, social responsibility is more just than maximizing profits. It is a moral obligation towards people. Food Bank Corporation saves lives every day without thinking about maximizing profits. That is the reason why I agree partially with Milton Friedman argument. . Please evaluate this scenario by detailing what the manager would do for each step in the decision-making process. i) Two employees are blaming each other for a project they collaborated on which failed. The manager will hear viewpoints of both the employees on an individual basis and try to ascertain the root cause of the issue. The manager will then ask both the employees to sit toge ther with him, ask both the employees to express their viewpoints and opinion and arrive at a decision or conclusion with the consensus of both the employees. The manager will encourage both the employees to take this decision as a constructive exercise to avoid such problems in the future and help both the employees to resolve differences and issues to avoid this problem in the future. I recall when I first joined the Navy in 1999; I was working on flight deck with one of my shipmate Bernard. Our job on fight deck was to make sure we troubleshot one of our jets, so that it can be flown in one hour time frame. We both read the instructions wrong, and the jet was not ready at the time of flight. When we were called by our supervisor to explain what happened, Bernard started blaming me for our failure. I also, fought back by telling our supervisor that it was Bernard’s fault. Our supervisor told us to stop blaming each other. He called us in his office, and asked us individually to address our viewpoints and opinions. After that, we both realized that we had no reason to blame one another. We all got it wrong, we found our mistakes, it is just a lesson learned, and we knew it will never happened again in the future. So, what our supervisor did was exactly how managers have to do when confronted with two employees blaming one another for failure. Employees will sometimes blame each other, especially when something goes wrong. It is a manager responsibility to use his or her decision- making skills to help employees express their viewpoints and opinions, so that they work together to avoid future failures. ii) The department’s last three hirers all quit within six months. The manager will identify the cause of the issue in the first place by talking to the existing employees and hirers. Based on the identified issue, the manager will evaluate various alternatives to resolve the cause, such as restructuring of incentives and remuneration, personal growth and development opportunities, change in corporate culture, etc. The various alternatives will be discussed with (Human Resources) HR team, top management and other senior employees and the best course of action will be implemented to rectify this problem in the organization. This scenario actually happened all the times in organizations. Back in 2007, our Supply department hired six Navy contractors to help with supply delivery in Aviation support Division (ASD). Five out of six of these contactors quitted their jobs in less than three months. Our supply Officer was determined to find out why these workers quitted their jobs instantly. He questioned us individually, and talked to HR team about the issue. He comes to realize that these contractors quitted their jobs because, when they delivered parts to the squadrons, squadrons’ personnel were rude to them; they treated them with no respect. So, they decided to quit avoiding insults. The Supply Officer held the meetings with the squadrons’ leaderships to address and fix the issues. Since then, all new hired personnel never quit jobs. Everybody was treated with respect, and the work atmosphere got better. When employees in any organization quit their jobs frequently and instantly, the manager role is to use his or her leadership skills to find the reason why this situation occurs. That is what my supply Officer did; that is what all managers suppose to do to make sure the retention of the employees within the organization is high enough to foster its prosperity. 5. Competition with China has eviscerated many American industries, how can women’s clothing companies compete? Car companies? Please use Michael Porter competitive advantage categories: cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and niche in your answer. Explain. It is very difficult for American companies to compete with Chinese companies on cost leadership basis as Chinese manufacturers, be it apparel or car manufacturers, are the pioneers in the low cost manufacturing. Hence, American companies will need to compete on the basis of differentiation strategy. They need to clearly communicate the value proposition, quality and uniqueness of their products as compared to Chinese products to their target customers. They need to ensure that their products are not easily copied by the low cost Chinese manufacturers and hold an edge in terms of quality, features and characteristics. This will enable them to charge a premium for their products and establish a different market for themselves that is not served by the Chinese companies. American industries such as women’s clothing companies, car companies-just to name a few- often suffer from competition from China because, Chinese industries easily can reproduce the same products but with low quality to sell them cheaper than American products. As I previously mentioned, the only way for American industries to remediate this problem, is to control their products to make sure they are not copied easily. The products originality needs to be protected. That is the only measure American industries need to take to compete against their Chinese counterparts. References Robbins, S. P. , DeCenzo, D. A. , amp; Coulter, M. (2011). Fundamentals of Decision Making. In Custom Business Resources (p. 27). Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions